What is trataka?
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The ward tradaka means` steady gazing` If someone is starting for a long time that is tradaka. The practice of trataka involves gazing at a point or object without winkling or blinking the eyes. It is a method of focusing the eyes, and turn the mind, on one point to the exclusion of all else. The object can be either external, which is called bahir or bahirranga trataka, outer gazing, or internal, which is called antar, or antaranga trataka, inner gazing. First one is simpler to practice as one simply gazes at an object or symbol, whereas antaranga trataka involves the clear and stable inner visualization of an object.

What is the process of trataka?
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Trataka is hatha yoga shatkarma which also plays a prominent part in raja yoga and Njana yoga. Trataka is the focusing of one’s energy towards an object, a thing or idea; one then observers every detail of it, dissecting, analyzing, consciously and subconsciously drawing to oneself every possible bit of information regarding the object, both within and without.

What are the benefits of trataka?
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Physical
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It keeps away the eyestrain by improving the stamina of the eye muscles and by giving deep relaxation to them. It makes the eyes clear, bright and radiant. It cleanses the tear glands and purifies optical system.

Therapeutic
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Errors of the refraction get corrected. It strengthens the ability of the lens to adjust better to distances. It balance the nervous system, reliving nervous tension, anxiety, depression, head ache out of stress, mania, hypomania, hyper activity and insomnia.

Spiritual
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It helps to develop intense concentration and improves memory. It helps to develop strong will power. It is an excellent preparation for meditation. Its most important effect in brain not studied well.

What is involved in trataka?
Why trataka is the final shatkarma?
How is trataka practiced in tantra?
What do trataka, yoga nidra and hypnosis have a common?

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Reference
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A. Hatha Yoga Pradipika 2:31
B. Gheranda Samhita 1:53